Concepções construtivistas e suas influências nas práticas pedagógicas de professoras dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental em uma escola da rede municipal de Camaragibe - PE

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to analyze the teaching practices, in light of the contributions of constructivism to planning and development, of teachers in the early years of elementary school. More specifically, we seek to analyze how teachers relate their planning to the theoretical foundations that support their practices; identify aspects in the classroom routine and the dynamics of the activities carried out that are close to the constructivist perspective and identify teachers' conceptions about learning. Qualitative research was carried out in a municipal school in the city of Camaragibe, with two teachers from the 1st year of elementary school, using observation of their classes and semi-structured interviews as an instrument to access data. The analysis of the data obtained was carried out using content analysis as a parameter. We observed that a theoretical influence is not a direct application, but takes place between the lines of choices and positions in relation to teaching processes, based on conceptions built along the trajectory of each teacher. Although the teachers do not directly associate their practices with theory, we see that an influence of constructivism, the result of Piagetian theories, is consolidated in literacy practices in an indirect way, most of the time not even perceived by them. We noticed that the teachers seek coherence in understanding the students' individuality, in the levels of learning, with the pedagogical proposals they carry out in the classroom. Another obvious issue is the way in which teachers position themselves in the face of error, in a problematizing way, which makes students rethink their hypotheses and formulate a new one until they find the correct one. The appreciation of students' autonomy also appears evidently, students can express themselves, organize themselves, receive instructions to help other colleagues. Bringing the idea of building not only school knowledge, but that goes beyond that, they build affectivity, empathy and autonomy to think and resolve conflict situations. The subjects appropriate theories in a different way, and this we could verify with the teachers who participated in the research, with different ways of applying the understanding that they build from the theories in their practice, even if indirectly and re-signified in the daily life of the classroom.