Monitoramento de ETE e avaliação da tratabilidade anaeróbia do efluente de uma indústria de bebidas

Abstract

Water is a resource largely used by the process of food production from farming to final consumer's table. However, rapid population growth and an increase in the consumption pattern of society in last decades increased the consumption of foods that require a lot of water for their production, accentuating the problems related to effluents generation. The beverage industries stand out in this sense, being considered the industry with greater levels of water extraction in the food and drinking industry. The effluents generated by this sector have, in general, high concentration of organic matter from the productive processes, which gives a high aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability to this effluent. Considering this scenario, this work aimed to evaluate the historical data of the monitoring of a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WTP) of a beverage industry, as well as to evaluate the anaerobic treatability of the actual effluent of a beverage industry using an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor. For this, a field research was conducted in a beverage industry in order to characterize its production process and sources of generation of effluents. The evaluation of the monitoring of the WTP occurred through the analysis of the data of five years of monitoring provided by the beverage industry studied, and the parameters of COD, BOD, pH, temperature, SSS, SST and oils and greases were evaluated in relation to the legislation applicable. The anaerobic treatability was evaluated by the construction of an experimental system consisting of a UASB reactor used to treat the actual effluent from the beverage industry for 20 days. Statistical analyzes, graphs (Boxplot and dispersion) and tables were elaborated with the help of the EXCEL® program. The field research carried out verified the presence of bioactive compounds in the effluent produced by the beverage industry obtained from the production of alcoholic beverages of ginger and jurubeba. The evaluation of the WTP monitoring showed that the aerobic technology used at the station was correctly chosen, presenting average organic matter removal efficiency of 84.20% BOD and 73.20% COD, with the production of effluents in specification with the applicable laws. The anaerobic treatability of the effluent was not feasible due to the presence of antibiotic and recalcitrant compounds present in the effluents from the liquor production processes of Jurubeba and Ginger, with an average removal of 16.38% of COD during the process.