Uso de tampas plásticas como mídia filtrante alternativa em Aquacultura: primeiro protótipo de filtro

Abstract

Water use increases as aquaculture grows. The quality and quantity of water is essential for aquaculture, mainly fish farming and indoor shrimp farming (freshwater). Another requirement is the aspect of treated effluents in discharges into the environment. Therefore, the present work aims to test and design a sustainable filter model, using plastic covers as filter media. 10-liter water bottles (PET) were used, perforated on their sides, with around 200 PET bottle caps as filtering media, thus simulating a biological and mechanical filter. Aquarium pumps were introduced inside the bottles, creating a circulation of bubbles where the water is pushed upwards, and water to be filtered enters the bottle in a dynamic water circulation system. Bacteria that settle in the filter will reduce organic matter (nitrogenous nutrients), and the shape of each cap reduces the velocity of particulate matter within the filter, reducing turbidity, and concentrating this particulate organic matter, and other debris, within the filter. filter. This makes filters lighter and cheaper, replacing traditional media (such as those made with ceramic), and reducing the disposal of plastic lids in the environment, reusing this type of material. The experiment was conducted in three 20-liter tanks, supplied with water from fish farming effluents from the Continental Johei Koike Fish Farming Station, at UFFRPE. Physical and chemical data were evaluated every 3 days. The results indicate that there was stabilization of pH, where the water initially had a pH of 6 (on average), to 7. There was an improvement in transparency, and an improvement in the degradation of total ammonia and nitrite, key factors in water quality, aiming to improve the management conditions and productivity in aquaculture.