Análise vibracional da variação do fator de amortecimento na suspensão traseira de veículos de duas rodas: uma modelagem matemática

Abstract

Shock absorbers are one of the main components of a vehicle's suspension, important both for the comfort and for the safety provided by the vehicle to the occupants. The correct design of a shock absorber involves the study of vehicle dynamics through mechanical vibrations, machine elements and fluid mechanics, taking into account parameters that may vary between road and off-road vehicles. Thus, this study proposes a mathematical model of Scripts for the analysis of a simplified mechanical system with 1 degree of freedom, where it is possible to perform the variation of vibration parameters, in addition to the simulation of failures and the identification of their consequences to the vehicle and pilot. The developed model was applied with data from a generic 150cc motorcycle and supported by the literature, with its analyses, in addition to the discussion and understanding of real situations, it was possible to determine which parameter should be modified in a damping project to achieve specific objectives. After the study, it was possible to define that the best way to control the damping range is through the dimensioning of the hydraulic component, being the spring stiffness, therefore, a component of control of the oscillation frequency with a preload adjustment that serves as a secondary device for varying the damping range on a smaller scale. Finally, it was possible to confirm the hypothesis that the decrease in the damping coefficient leads to a greater amount of oscillations, in addition to impacting a longer response time for the system to reach equilibrium.