Tecnologias e estratégias utilizadas para controle e economia de água nos principais setores de consumo hídrico no Brasil: uma revisão atualizada

Abstract

Water is a finite resource, of fundamental importance for the maintenance of human life. Its use over time has become an important demand in various sectors of society. According to the National Agency for Water and Basic Sanitation (ANA), the sectors that consume the most water in Brazil are: Agriculture, Urban Supply, Rural Supply, Industry, Animal Drinking, Thermal Power Plant and Mining. With this, planners and management entities have sought to generate alternative solutions for better management of water resources, so that it is possible to optimize its use and consequently reduce its waste. Thus, this work presents, based on an updated bibliographic review, the main technologies and strategies adopted by the consumption sectors to mitigate the control and save water. Drip irrigation and plant genetic modification are technologies that stand out in the agricultural sector; the reuse of water in industry and the installation of water-saving mechanisms in domestic appliances also stand out as promising technologies, as well as the reuse of rainwater and the implementation of integrated crop-livestock-forestry systems in rural areas. In general, it is observed that each sector has its own challenge, converging in the search for technologies and innovations that manage consumption, combat scarcity and reduce water waste.