Modelagem de baterias de chumbo-ácido para sistemas de armazenamento de energia aplicáveis junto ao sistema elétrico de potência

Abstract

Energy storage systems have different forms and configurations, which can be electrical, thermal, energy resources or natural, which require an adequate mechanism for converting this stored energy. As it encompasses an extensive area of applications, studies of energy storage technologies have gained prominence, and their use in conjunction with the electrical system has intensified by making the supply of electrical energy more reliable, serving consumers more rationally. The increasing use of battery energy storage systems has driven new research on mathematical models representing the dynamic behavior of battery charge/discharge operation, with a focus on optimizing their energy resources. This work aims at the study and implementation of a mathematical model using computational tools to simulate the behavior of a lead-acid battery in view of the increasing insertion of energy storage together with distributed generation in the electrical system. Therefore, focusing on lead-acid batteries, mathematical models were researched taking into account their computational complexity, level of representativeness of the dynamic behavior of the battery, and accuracy of results. The Jackey model was selected because its equation was based on an electrical circuit aiming at the influence of fundamental parameters such as open circuit voltage, resistance, capacitance, battery charge state, and electrolyte temperature. From these computational implementations, as a result, the characteristic curves of the lead-acid battery were obtained, whose comparison with experimental curves presented an error smaller than 1%, evidencing the effectiveness of the method developed and implemented.