Importância da brucelose bovina como zoonose

Abstract

The aimof this work is to do a literature review about bovine brucellosis ,emphasizing its close relationship with public health, because of its zoonotic condition, added to economic importance for livestock. This is a chronic infectious contagious anthropozoonosis, caused by bacteria is genre Brucellaspp., composed by nine different species, each one affecting with higher frequency a specific host. In humans,it can becaused by four of these species(Brucellaabortus,B.melitensis,B.suisandB.canis),while cattle and buffaloes are susceptible to B.suis, B. melitensisandB. abortus, being the last one the etiologic agent of bovine brucellosis, main responsible for the sanitary and economic implications in the country. The main sources of infection for animals are the pregnant females infected, fetuses and aborted fetal remains, and contaminated milk and semen.Forhumans, direct contact with secretions of infected animals, inhalation of aerosols, accidental self-inoculation with live vaccines and the ingestion of contaminated and poorly processed milk,meat and their by products represent the most common sourcesofdiseasecontagion. Becauseof its epidemiological, sanitary and economic importance with, even, restrictions to the international trade of animals and products of animal origin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply released in 2001 the National Program of Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis – PNCEBT. The purpose of this program is to reduce the negative impact of the zoonosis in the human and anima lhealth,since the risk factor for human brucellosis is the primary occurrence in animals; in addition to promoting the development and competitiveness of national livestock.