Monitoramento e avaliação da qualidade da água bruta da barragem inhumas e sua influência na qualidade da água tratada

Abstract

Water is one of the indispensable resources for man's survival and maintenance of terrestrial ecosystems. However, in addition to being a scarce commodity, there are several natural and anthropogenic factors that cause the degradation of water sources and jeopardize the supply of populations. The study and monitoring of the sources that serve the inhabitants of the region are essential to guarantee quality in the public supply. The site chosen for the work was the Inhumas Dam, located in the municipality of Palmerina - PE. The study of water treatment was carried out in the treatment plant of the village of Poço Comprido, in the city Correntes - PE, which receives raw water only from the Inhumas Dam. The ETA under study is of the closed compact type. The objective of this work is to analyze the data from the monitoring performed by Companhia Pernambucana de Saneamento (COMPESA) on the raw water quality of the source and verify its influence on the oscillations of the treated water quality, through data provided by the company that is responsible for the treatment of locality, as well as compliance with current legislation. The data analyzed are monthly monitoring averages, which contemplate a period of 4 years, from January 2014 to December 2017. Six parameters of water quality (color, turbidity, pH, alkalinity, aluminum and residual chlorine) were analyzed in relation to to the monthly and historical precipitation that occurred during the study period. With the data, column charts and Boxplot graphs were made, to better visualize the data behavior and their correlations, were also analyzed through descriptive statistics. It was concluded that the water quality of the reservoir interferes with the operation of the ETA, which may lead to non-compliance with the legislation. However, the technology used by closed compact ETA ensures the quality of the water even at a time when the quality of the raw water was out of the normal range. The unit operates at satisfactory levels, except for two parameters, pH and aluminum. In critical periods of drought, the direct relation of some physical parameters of the raw water with immediate recovery in the characteristic of the treated water was observed.