Diagnóstico da arborização de vias públicas no entorno dos reservatórios elevados de água no município de Paulista-PE

Abstract

The benefits that urban tree-planting provides to communities where there are established trees, such as providing shade for pedestrians, physical soil stabilization, reducing the impact of rain, avoiding heat islands and biological deserts, provide scenic beauty and psychological well-being are indisputable, barring or channeling the wind and dampening the sound. However, there are many difficulties encountered in establishing an afforestation project in consolidated urban communities, mainly due to lack of planning, adequate urban furniture, telephony, sanitation and electrical equipment. Trees are sometimes considered as negative points of conflict, being blamed for destroying sidewalks, disrupting electrical wiring, breaking pipes and causing accidents by falling branches or falling over. Based on the principle that the more trees, the better the thermal sensation and the less the need to use treated water in the search for this balance, this work proposes an afforestation project around the five reservoirs administered by Companhia Pernambucana de Saneamento – COMPESA, as a way to benefit communities, not only with sanitation, but also with afforestation. For that, aerial-photogrammetric images of 0.50 x 0.50 m resolution were used, the census of the trees was carried out in the surroundings of the five reservoirs used in the study of the city of Paulista, from which several indices were obtained that allowed to evaluate and elaborate an afforestation plan in the roads that offered the physical conditions to do so. A total of 1,222 individuals were collected, distributed in 19 botanical families and 43 species, in which 86.7% of the species are exotic to the Brazilian flora and 13.3% are native. The most frequent species around the reservoirs were: Ficus benjamina L. (29.7%), Roystonea oleracea (Jacq.) O.F. Cook. (11.3%) and Terminalia catappa L. (10.8%). Based on current standards and similar literature, localities, quantity, adequate distance and species to be planted on the public, road were proposed in order to bring back the well-being that the population needs, totaling 415 trees distributed in 15 species of native origin. The study also shows the need for public intervention through campaigns to raise awareness of the importance of trees and especially in the structuring of roads that lack proper attention.