O papel das ferrovias no crescimento econômico do Brasil

Abstract

Productive chains from the most diverse sectors need to operate with efficient logistics to compete in the global and national market. Transport infrastructure is a tool for competitiveness and, in this sense, the rail mode has represented the best option in terms of the volume of cargo transported over great distances, and is responsible, for the most part, for the transportation of ores, which 77% of the total transported in 2018. They also accounted for 47% of the country's growing agricultural crops, which now represent a significant part of the national GDP. Railways also represent an alternative of high reliability because they present a decrease in the accident rates, not to mention that they do not congestion, they are more economical and much less polluting. In Brazil, there is still little rail link between cities, and then have to subject the prices of products to freight costs to trucks, including fuel, whose supply has been affected by the absence of more modalities. In this work, the importance of railways and their economic characteristics in the postconcessions period is verified, seeking to determine if their participation in the logistics scenario from 1998 onwards represents a vehicle for economic transformation, and plays a relevant role in the composition of the matrix of Brazilian transport.