Associação entre a prática de atividades físicas, fatores sociodemográficos e psicossociais relacionados à escola: estudo de base populacional

Abstract

Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases - NCDs are a growing disease each year, accounting for 63% of the 36 million deaths worldwide. With a view to reducing the alarming numbers of deaths caused by NCDs, WHO has issued a report on measures to prevent and reduce the number of deaths caused by major NCDs, heart diseases, stroke, pneumopathies, cancer, diabetes and sedentary lifestyle. There are studies that prove that the physical activity is directly related to the decrease of the contraction of these diseases. Therefore, actions should be developed to encourage the practice of physical activity focusing on the individual and his environment, especially in the period of childhood and adolescence. Studies based on behavior change theories are more effective in understanding and intervening in populations at risk. For this study, the Transtheoric model was used to explain how individuals adopt new behaviors, divided into five stages (1) Pre-Contemplation, (2) Contemplation, (3) Preparation, (4) Action, (5) Maintenance. The objective of the present study was to associate the sociodemographic and psychosocial determinants related to the practice of physical activities in adolescents of the high school of the state of Pernambuco, through an epidemiological study of school base and state scope, the population covered adolescents from 14 to 19 years of age both sexes, enrolled in public secondary schools, in total were 734 schools distributed in the 16 Regional Education Offices (GREs) in the five regions of the state of Pernambuco. The results showed a high rate of female students in the Pre-Contemplation stage (65.6%), and a low percentage in the Maintenance stage (32%), different from the male students who presented a low percentage in the Pre-Contemplation stage (34,4%), and a high percentage in Maintenance stage (68%), showing more active. However, in general it was possible to observe a large percentage of students enrolled in high school in the Pre-Contemplation stage, being physically inactive and not intending to change their behavior. With this, it is necessary to create policies that favor the access of these students to places conducive to the practice of physical activities, in addition to the use of physical education as a tool for critical awareness of the adoption of a stable of active and healthy life.