Uso de Blockchain na rastreabilidade de produtos: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Abstract

In recent times, Blockchain has ceased to be exclusively associated with the digital currency Bitcoin and has expanded its applications to a variety of sectors such as healthcare, product traceability, the Internet of Things, and education. Traceability is becoming increasingly crucial in various sectors due to a combination of factors involving security, transparency, sustainability, and operational efficiency. Traceability has become an essential strategic tool to ensure safety, enhance transparency and efficiency, and meet regulatory and ethical demands. However, a gap has been observed in the current literature concerning the review and analysis of research initiatives focused on product traceability using Blockchain, particularly detailing how Blockchain operates in this context and the improvements the technology brings to this environment. Although there are studies exploring the application of Blockchain technology in different areas, the current literature lacks a comprehensive synthesis specifically addressing product traceability. This gap is particularly relevant given the growing interest and importance of traceability in the supply chain to ensure transparency, authenticity, and product safety. Therefore, this work aims to fill this gap by providing an analysis of existing research initiatives in this area. The present work seeks to comprehensively explore the implications of this combination, analyzing how Blockchain can transform the way products are tracked and managed. In this context, the main contribution of this paper is a systematic review of existing research on Blockchain-based systems developed to enhance traceability. This involves understanding how Blockchain is applied to track and verify the improvements it brings to those who adopt this combination. This systematic mapping also offers an overview of current research trends in this area. Additionally, it sheds light on research and innovation challenges that remain open in this area.