Esporotricose no contexto da saúde única

Abstract

Implantation, or subcutaneous, mycoses are a group of diseases caused by fungi that are characterized by the inoculation of the agent through transcutaneous trauma. They are called implantation mycoses because some of these diseases can affect other tissues of the body, in addition to the subcutaneous tissue. As is the case with sporotrichosis, an implantation mycosis caused by dimorphic fungi of the genus Sporothrix. Thus, the objective is to evaluate the epidemiological aspects of sporotrichosis in the context of Single Health through a literature review. The review on sporotrichosis was carried out through research in the following renowned databases of national and international literature: BDTD Nacional, Scopus, Periodicos CAPES, PubMed, Scielo, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde and Google Scholar, using sporotrichosis and public health as the main words -chaves, both in portuguese and english. As a large number of files were recovered, 47 files were selected that best suited the research theme. Classically, sporotrichosis is transmitted by the inoculation of the fungus through trauma caused by contact with contaminated organic matter such as soil, branches and tree trunks and thorns, but since the 1990s, it has become of great relevance in public health in Brazil, when the first outbreak of disease in humans was described with the domestic cat as the main inoculator, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. It is more prevalent in regions with a tropical and temperate climate. In Brazil, like much of the world, the disease is neglected and is not part of the compulsory notification diseases and diseases. Clinical manifestations in humans are related to the location where the lesions are located and their extent, with cutaneous lesions being more common and pulmonary lesions being more common in extracutaneous involvement. In animals, it is mainly represented by cats, which present ulcerative and/or nodular lesions mainly in the nasal region, chest and extremities. The implementation of effective and standard health surveillance emerges as a necessity so that there is real data on the disease in the national territory. It is necessary to work together in the human, animal and environmental spheres to adopt actions and measures based on these three pillars to better understand the disease. Providing free and rapid diagnosis for cats appears as an incentive for the population to seek official health services to identify the disease. In addition, raising awareness among health professionals and the general population is extremely important for control to be effective.