Análise de dados da pesca de espinhel de superfície em diferentes horários de lançamentos (diurnos e noturnos) realizados no período de 2004 a 2011

Abstract

The capture of large pelagic fish, such as tuna and related species, has economic, social and political relevance, as such fishing resources move great commercial values in the national and international market. The longline is among the fishing gear that allows the capture of pelagic species. This fishing technique is used worldwide, as it is highly effective in apprehending these species. Thus, the present study aims to characterize longline fishing from foreign and national fleets that operated with day and night launches in the Atlantic Ocean, which are based in the ports of Natal-RN, Cabedelo - PB, Mucuripe - CE, Itajaí - SC and Recife - PE. The information presented in this study is for the period from 2004 to 2011, where on-board observers accounted for and noted the main movement data for all vessels. In view of the exposed data, it was noted that there was a greater capture of billfish at the launch carried out during the night, to the detriment of the daytime, which concentrated its largest number of capture in the tuna groups. The species were divided into categories: target species, accompanying fauna. For the target species category, X. gladius proved to be one of the largest catches of this modality, representing 66.48% of the total catches for the night period, which obtained a CPUE 12.57; in the daytime, the target species with the largest number of catches is Thunnus albacares, which corresponds to a CPUE of 7.09 and a percentage equivalent to 83.19% of the target species captured. The accompanying fauna was divided into three groups: domestic market, protected by law and not sold. With greater representativeness for the domestic market in catches, there are teleosts for daytime catches; for the night, more expressive catches refer to the tuna. The most abundant species were P. glauca for nocturnal releases, with 20,664 individuals, equivalent to 7.79% of the total captured, with CPUE 2.60; for the daytime, Acanthocybium solandri with 27.40% of the catches and 31,441 species collected and a CPUE of 4.00 individuals. The groups of species protected by law, species Kajikia Álbida and Makaira nigricans, which together represent 87.72%, thus being the most representative group in number of catches in the daytime releases, and for the night period the species Sphyrna spp, which obtained number of catches equivalent to 14,881 individuals, which represents almost half of the total catches with a percentage of 49.03%.