Arte, política e transformação social: propostas antifascistas em arte educação

Abstract

Bearing in mind the connection between Art and Politics, we highlight Art Education as an instrument of social transformation. This research aims to build a set of pedagogical practices for the visual arts based on an Antifascist proposal. From the reflection on the principles and analysis of the historical examples of Fascism in different times, we will identify which tactics are used to transmit its ideals, especially in the present time when we have a high flow of visual communication in our society. Thus, we will discuss the relevance of visual literacy for the global development of the individual, while highlighting Art Education as a practice for building a critical sense that enables political awareness in the school environment. The theoretical framework includes discussions about contemporary society and its relationship with visual communication; presents concepts and historiographical traces of Nazi-fascism and Anti-fascism, in addition to relating the visual discourse of Jair Bolsonaro, former president of Brazil (2018-2022), to Nazi-fascist practices; Based on this, we explore Paulo Freire's notion of transformative education combined with Ana Mae's triangular approach to teaching the visual arts. The adopted methodological procedures consisted of the investigation on historiographical and visual analysis of the discussed concepts and the comparative interpretation of images. The data obtained indicate the need and relevance of inserting the debate on the Antifascita theme in the classroom, hence, a set of educational proposals for the visual arts based on the Antifa movement were elaborated. Based on the results and discussions presented, it is deemed that in the current context of our society, visual communication is very present and can be a tool used by Nazi-fascist movements to perpetuate their ideals. Thus, we emphasize the role of the visual arts in a transformative education that promotes political awareness and critical reflection.