Determinantes ambientais para o engajamento de crianças de primeira infância em atividades motoras não estruturadas de lazer na escola: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Free play is a fundamental activity for the child's overall health and development. The study aims to identify the environmental determinants that influence children's engagement in leisure-time motor activities at school, through an integrative literature review. The databases used for the searches were: PubMED, Scopus, PsycINFO and LILACS. The selection of descriptors used in the search was carried out by consulting MESH and DECs. The following descriptors, terms and logical operators were chosen: “free play” OR “unstructured play” OR “self-directed play” OR “outdoor play” AND environment OR playground OR schoolyard AND school. Or the expression: “free play” OR “unstructured play” OR “self-directed play” OR “outdoor play” AND environment OR playground OR schoolyard AND school; to the Scielo base. Studies that evaluated the motor activity of children aged 3 to 6 years, which were carried out in the school environment and which had the measurement of motor activity as an outcome, were included. The results show us that fixed equipment in playgrounds and favorable weather conditions increase children's physical activity. Interventions such as tagging often intensify this activity, but reforms have varying effects. In this way, we can consider that fixed equipment in playgrounds enhances children's physical activity. The quality of the space and interventions such as renovations are fundamental and the design of playgrounds is crucial to promoting a more active future for children.