Monitoramento para automação de processos em cultivos hidropônicos: uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática

Abstract

In the current context of global hunger and exponential population growth, implementing technological practices to increase agricultural productivity and reduce waste is crucial. This paper conducted a bibliographic review on the use of monitoring technologies for environmental variables and nutrient solution in hydroponic farming, aiming to identify advancements in process automation for agricultural production in this modality. 82 sources were consulted between 2010 and 2023, identifying 16 works that used hardware and software technologies for automation in hydroponic systems. Controllers like ESP32, Arduino Nano, and Arduino Mega were employed to monitor and control environmental and nutrient solution variables, while peristaltic pumps and solenoid valves ensured precise dosing and water flow control. Software such as C++, Dart, Matlab, Arduino IDE, LabView, Blynk, and ThingSpeak were used for programming and data integration, while online platforms like Firebase, Flutter framework, and MQTT were employed for real-time data storage, visualization, and communication. Although offering advantages such as increased efficiency and resource savings, the use of these technologies faces significant challenges, including the need for specialized technical knowledge and connectivity dependence.