Análise espacial da transmissão de esquistossomose urbana em Jaboatão dos Guararapes no contexto da saúde única

Abstract

Schistosomiasis mansoni is a Neglected Tropical Disease transmitted by the worm Schistosoma mansoni. The disease has historically manifested itself in rural areas in Brazil, but has migrated to urbanized contexts, related to rainfall and flooding, mainly in coastal areas of the state of Pernambuco. This work aims to investigate the environmental transmission factors that condition the spread of schistosomiasis, in the neighborhood of Candeias, Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco, in the context of Saúde Única. Methodology: All floods, sewage outlets, open sewers, houses that were part of the coproscopic survey in May 2023 and the breeders of Biomphalaria spp found in the study area were georeferenced with the help of GPS in the months of August and October 2023. Parasitological diagnosis was performed using the Kato-Katz and Hoffmann techniques. The snails were subjected to light exposure to identify Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. Spatial analyzes were carried out using the QGIS program. Conclusion: 19 creators were identified, 1 of which was a transmission foci, all of specie Biomphalaria glabrata. The community presented 53 positive individuals, with positivity rates of 11.67% for schistosomiasis and 2.86% positive for geohelminthiasis. Of the total, 79% of cases were of mild intensity, 13.9% of medium intensity and 6.9% of high intensity. The individuals with the highest parasite load were in the houses close to Lagoa Olho D’água, while the cases were conducted as the houses were further away from the Lagoa. The street with the most breeders also had a high distribution of sewage outlets. Most of the snails were found in open sewers. It was possible to observe through flood spots that the community is completely exposed during times of flooding caused by heavy rain. A scheme was created that illustrates the interaction between animals-humans-environment in the transmission of schistosomiasis through the One Health approach, highlighting environmental sanitation, the presence of snails and poverty as the main factors in the transmission of the disease.