Análise dos acidentes de trabalho no setor da construção no Brasil - 2010 a 2019

Abstract

The construction sector is one of the segments that records the highest number of work accidents in Brazil. Accidents in this industry are characterized by being more serious and fatal, leading to permanent disabilities and worker fatalities. These events have a high cost for both the companies involved and for society. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to carry out an analysis of the costs of work accidents and their economic implications in the construction sector, emphasizing the relevance of implementing preventive measures of occupational safety in the sector. For this, information provided by the Ministry of Labor and Employment (MTE), Ministry of Social Security (MPS) and the Brazilian Chamber of the Construction Industry (CBIC) was collected, considering the period from 2010 to 2019, carrying out a descriptive analysis of these data and estimating the costs of accidents for the construction sector. In the examined period, there were 382,685 work accidents in the Construction sector, involving workers insured by Social Security. From the analysis of the data, it was observed that these accidents are of typical nature, presenting a drastic decline in the indicator of total work incidence in 2013 to 2015, however with the proportional accident rate in the age group of 16 to 34 unstable, sometimes increasing, sometimes decreasing. Regarding the lethality of accidents, growths were verified throughout the series and above the national rate, but the mortality indicator declining over time. Considering the expenses with accidents, the accident benefits granted by INSS totaled approximately 4.2 billion reais, with an annual average of 423 million reais. Already in the private sector, the private costs of work accidents were estimated at 2.1 billion reais, equivalent to an annual average of 212 million reais. The charges from work accidents to companies represent only a fraction of the total costs imposed on society. In this context, there is room for more comprehensive interventions by public authorities such as inspections, implementation of legislation, informative safety campaigns, among other actions, aiming to reduce the occurrence of work accidents and their repercussions. It is worth noting that these data only include work accidents involving formal workers with registration in INSS, disregarding the informal side and possible underreporting, which leads to the belief that the number of accidents may be greater than those disclosed by Social Security.