Especificação e simulação de um protótipo de medidor inteligente para monitoramento de energia elétrica em redes inteligentes

Abstract

As a result of the growing consumption of electricity in modern society, the gap between electricity supply and demand has been accentuated, generating an overload in existing electricity grids and an increase in energy production from non-renewable sources, which has a negative impact on the environment. These and other emerging challenges are in focus in order to adapt the generation, transmission and distribution electrical systems to the demands of this new consumption pattern, with renewable energy generation, distributed generation and information and communication technologies applied to metering systems as the main means of promoting the adaptation of the electrical system and paving the way for the creation of smart electrical grids. In this context, the main objective of this research is to develop a prototype smart electricity meter, so that a user with internet access can consult the information, in real time, of the measurements obtained by the equipment located in the field. It is worth noting that the information provided by the prototype must be bidirectional in terms of both power measurement and information flow, so that the equipment can send and receive information simultaneously and to distinguish the power flow to better suit applications in smart grids. During the development of the work, a bibliographical review was initially carried out to identify the crucial points in the operation of related equipment, such as: operational characteristics, signal processing method, communication protocols adopted and methods for collecting, storing and displaying data; in order to develop a prototype that maintains its contemporaneity in the face of growing technological advances in the area, and above all, with a focus on cost-effectiveness, with a view to its practical implementation resulting from future projects with improved versions. As a result of the work, the hardware and software parts of the prototype were designed. The hardware includes the power supply, the measurement method, the voltage and current signal conditioning system, the microcontroller and the communication protocol. The software part includes the type of database, the communication algorithm, an interface for consulting and making measured data available and the measurement algorithm.