Análise de compreensões de estudantes no contexto de uma intervenção didática fundamentada em pressupostos freirianos para o ensino de termoquímica

Abstract

In the middle of the 21st century, there is an increasing search for a more inclusive, emancipatory and relevant education for students and their communities. It is with this perspective that the theoretical and methodological assumptions of the Freirean perspective were adopted in this study. Freire's views on education are inspiring, motivational and challenging. In this perspective, this study aims to analyze students' understandings in the context of a didactic intervention based on Freire's assumptions for the teaching of Thermochemistry, this objective being detailed in three specific objectives: to identify students' previous conceptions about thermochemical concepts and related issues with fires; analyze changes in students' understanding of thermochemical concepts and fire-related issues; and to evaluate the students' perceptions about the didactic intervention experienced by them. As for the methodological aspects, this study was qualitative, developed in a private school located in the municipality of Vitória de Santo Antão, with the participation of 37 students and was conducted through five methodological steps, namely: study of the assumptions of pedagogy freiriana (first stage); elaboration of the didactic intervention (second stage); application of didactic intervention (third stage); data organization (fourth step); data analysis (fifth stage). As for the students' previous conceptions about thermochemical concepts and about questions related to fires, the analyzes showed previous misconceptions, incomplete and/or coherent from the scientific point of view, such as, for example, understandings of chemical reaction as mixtures and understandings that consider that fires cannot occur spontaneously. Regarding the evolutions in students' understanding of thermochemical concepts and issues related to fires, the analyzes bring evidence, for example, of understandings of the occurrence of fires due to the reaction between oxygen and fuel to release energy in the form of heat and understandings of the concept of heat as energy in motion. That is, these results are evidence that students have evolved in their understanding of the occurrence of fires and the concept of heat. And regarding the students' evaluation of the didactic intervention based on Freire's assumptions developed with them, the evidence identified in the analyzes was related to the didactic intervention being nontiring, dynamic, fun, with the potential for things to make sense, for participation of students, to learn Chemistry from real situations.