Análise do impacto da geração distribuída sobre um sistema de proteção de sobrecorrente aplicado ao alimentador teste de 13 barras do IEEE

Abstract

The constant growth in electricity consumption, combined with the need to use new forms of generation, brings great challenges to the traditional Electric Power System (EPS), a context in which the search for its modernization has been given by the development and implementation of energy sources. Distributed Generation (DG) and Intelligent Electric Networks, or Smart Grids. In this context, the main objective of the present work is the study and evaluation of the protection systems of energy distribution networks against the impacts of the connection and disconnection of distributed generators. Aiming at the development of the research, initially, a theoretical study was carried out to base the functioning and basic requirements of the protection systems. In addition, a study was carried out on distributed generation addressing the impacts caused by its connection to the grid, such as bidirectional power flow, overvoltage, level of voltage imbalance, etc. Together, the study and modeling of photovoltaic solar generation as a source of DG were carried out, in which real data from a photovoltaic module were used to validate all modeling. Still in the methodology, aiming to carry out simulations to analyze the behavior of the protection system against faults and the operating parameters of the distribution network after the insertion of distributed generation, the IEEE 13-bar test feeder and a timed overcurrent protection system was modeled in the SIMULINK/MATLAB® environment. Next, simulations of several test scenarios were carried out with variation in DG allocation with different power levels, in addition to the application of faults at different points in the network. Subsequently, possible strategies for improving network protection were addressed, addressing issues such as changes in the DG power factor, aiming to avoid overvoltages in the system, and the use of intelligent devices for a more assertive performance of the relays. Finally, it could be concluded that the work was successful in the research and studies proposed about the impacts on the protection system in distribution networks caused by the insertion of distributed generation, since, in 38.71% of the simulations, there was action of the protection equipment for the reverse fault.