Aspectos químicos no processo da hemodiálise: uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

Quality and safety are a constant concern of health units, and it is common to carry out risk assessments not only for patients, but also for employees and health professionals as it helps to minimize / reduce adverse effects. One of the most complex processes performed on a patient, among the many that are performed in health units is hemodialysis because it involves not only hemodialysis itself, but also care processes and numerous chemical compounds and technologies that can cause an adverse effect on the patient Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is the means available to prolong the life of patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), with hemodialysis being the most accessible technique, but costly to health systems (public or private) in different parts of the world . In Brazil, in 2017, the Ministry of Health allocated 3.9 billion reais for the treatment of patients with CKD in RRT, covering costs with hospitalizations and medications. It is worth mentioning that this is the largest resource spent by the Ministry of Health for a specific service area in the Unified Health System (SUS). The prevalence rate of CKD has been increasing due to the aging of the population, increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension. The development of new technologies such as automated proportioning machines and reusable dialyzers has allowed an exponential increase in dialysis patients. However, the increase in the number of patients on RRT exerts financial pressure on public and private health systems, which should worsen in the coming years. One way to reduce costs related to hemodialysis is the reprocessing of materials, essentially, the reuse of dialyzers. This bibliographic research work, qualitative and descriptive, has as main objective to discuss the evolution of the hemodialysis machine and the chemical components involved in this process. It is concluded that the knowledge of the technological evolution of dialyzers and the chemistry involved in the process can promote positioning to students in decision making and accountability regarding the role of chemistry, that is, its benefits and risks in the scope of human health (treatment in patients life-threatening), especially in RRT.