Alfabetização de discentes fora de faixa etária nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental: um estudo com a poesia visual

Abstract

Reading and writing are tools that enable the acquisition of knowledge at school. In Brazil, high rates of out-of-age students instigate studies that aim to understand the literacy process. Starting by that, the main objective of this analysis is to examine the literacy process of students out-of-age group, in the early years of primary schools, in a municipal public school, from the appreciation and production of visual poetry. The relevance lies in the contribution of the studies in pedagogical practices, without these being merely remedial, but formative. This is a qualitative study with exploratory purpose and methodological profile of action-research, was organised with investigation of theoretical knowledge, specificities of out-of-age learners and participant observation, aiming at a pedagogical approach in fifth and third year classes in two schools in Recife city. To this end, we collected data by observing and writing notes in a field diary, open interviews with teachers and managers, besides a questionnaire based on the Chinese portrait model for students and also pedagogical activities. In the theoretical studies, we reflected on literacy, the history of visual poetry and his perspective as a textual genre. The analysis showed that the proposed activity with textual genre is significant to learning in writing and reading, because it is part of the learner's social uses. The visual poetry, as regards the question of research, provides as well as a visual experimentation, with an appreciation of image and writing, understanding and inference, indifferent of the reader’s level of mastery of the system of writing. Among the students, we identified pre-syllabic, syllabic with and without sound value, alphabetic and orthographic writing levels (with corrections to be made), it became evident in individual cases, the need for a systematized assistance due to the recurring difficulty in the autonomy of spontaneous writing. In conclusion, it is the relationships between teachers and students, and among students that determine practices, learning and school performance. Thus, by observing the student, the teacher understands his/her needs and wishes, contributing to the development of systematised pedagogical practices.