O cenário do hidrogênio verde: uma revisão como suporte ao recente interesse surgido em indústrias e governos na região

Abstract

With the fight against climate change as one of the main drivers, the search for solutions that lead to economic decarbonization is increasing around the world. In this context, green hydrogen, called when produced from renewable sources of wind and solar energy, is considered one of the main alternatives, which has mobilized initiatives in several countries to develop it. However, there are still challenges to be overcome, mainly related to production costs that are still much higher than those of hydrogen obtained from fossil sources that emit greenhouse gases (GHG). Brazil has a competitive advantage for the production of green hydrogen, due to its strong potential for wind and solar energy, as well as the competitiveness of the energy generated from these sources in relation to other countries. In this sense, several national and international companies have expressed interest in investing in the Brazilian production chain of Green Hydrogen. Thus, a new industry is born in the country, opening spaces for the attraction of large investments, mainly in the Northeast Region, given its greater competitiveness in solar and wind generation. In view of this, this study sought to carry out a review of the general concepts of hydrogen, addressing its properties and characteristics, its use as a fuel, a review of the Hydrogen Economy, as well as economic aspects. Applications were seen in pilot projects, which prove the use of hydrogen as an energy vector in integrated production, storage and transport models. A brief history of the actions and initiatives in the world and in Brazil in favor of the development of the hydrogen industry is also made. In conclusion, Brazil emerges as a potential supplier of green hydrogen due to the great diversity of renewable sources.