Análise temporal do uso e cobertura da terra do município de Macaparana - Pernambuco

Abstract

The geotechnologies linked to remote sensing are essential tools to understand the use and occupation of a territory, in addition to effectively and economically assisting in the monitoring of natural resources. Through data from different years, it is possible to create a study of the main factors of degradation of natural resources. Thus, the present work aimed at elaborating a temporal analysis of the municipality of Macaparana - PE for the years 2007 and 2018. All the geoprocessing activities for the supervised classification and vegetation index generation were computed through the software Qgis version 2.18.10 and 3.10.9, the supervised classification was performed through the Semi Automatic Classification Plugin (SCP), where several samples were selected in the bands compiling for the due years, and through the MaxVer, the classes of exposed soil/urban area, agricultural culture, forests and water resources were computed. For the accuracy of the data, the kappa index was performed. The kappa index for the years 2007 and 2018 was 0.49 and 0.79, showing that it is a good mapping. And through the maps generated and the quantified classes, where the exposed soil of the area increased by 48%, the vegetation had a decrease of 35%, the agricultural crop had its area reduced by 10% and the water resources increased about 303%. There was a big change in the results of water resources due to the amount of clouds in the image of 2018, which hindered the classification, but when going to the field it was possible to observe, lack of vegetation in the area around the water resources, which may occur a process of silting up the rivers. It was possible to establish a relationship between the exposed soil and the agricultural crop, the lack of effective management in search of greater productivity instead of cutting more areas to plant, justified with the data of the vegetation area, which decreased to give space to new agricultural crops. And relating the forest area obtained through the supervised classification, with the area computed from IVDN, showed homogeneity in the results, varying less than 5% for the two years. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that anthropic activities, without any management plan for planting and harvesting, are having direct effects on the reduction of vegetation in the area, requiring better control in their production and alternatives that do not require burning cane for cutting, where it has direct impacts on the soil.