Sarampo: uma revisão

Abstract

Measles is a serious, infectious disease, highly transmissible, with universally distribution, caused by the virus, of the genus Morbillivirus of the Paramyxovidae family. Its pathology characterized by high fever and generalized maculopapular rash, as well as cough, runny nose and conjunctivitis, which can cause death. Transmission occurs through the patient’s nasopharyngeal secretions eliminated int the act of sneezing, coughing and breathing. The present study aimed to highlight the epidemiological data related to measles, as well as its clinical aspects, complications, diagnoses, and strategies for its control. The bibliographic survey was carried out mainly from scientific articles, epidemiological bulletins from the Ministry of Health and weekly bulletins from the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). In Brazil, measles has been a compulsory notifiable disease since 1968, in 2016, Brazil received from PAHO the certificate of elimination of the circulation of measles virus, however, this certificate was lost in 2019, due to the reintroduction of the virus in 2018. Before the vaccine was introduced, measles caused the deaths of approximately 2.6 million people a year, even with an effective vaccine, measles is still a matter of global concern, with several outbreaks worldwide in 2019, even in countries where measles was considered eradicated, the low and non-homogeneous vaccination coverage within countries generates susceptible individuals to the virus, causing the disease to spread quickly, causing outbreaks. Given the current global scenario of the disease, the need for continuous strengthening of epidemiological surveillance to control the disease was evidenced. In addition, it is necessary to intensify prevention, through immunization strategies, aimed at reaching the target of 95% coverage established by the National Immunization Program, the support of laboratory networks and the media are also essential in the control and eradication of this pathology.