Cogumelos de ocorrência espontânea como produtos florestais em Bonito-PE

Abstract

Although essential for maintaining life on earth, little is known about fungi. It is estimated that only 10% of macrofungus species are known. The use of mushrooms by human populations dates back thousands of years and continues to this day in over 80 countries. In Brazil, there is little record of use by traditional populations, except for some Amazonian peoples. Today, the demand for this resource has increased due to its nutritional and medicinal properties. The world mushroom market moves 43 billion dollars a year, however, the country has no relevant production in this sector. This is partly due to the high cost of technology to enable the cultivation of species not adapted to the local climate. The exploitation of spontaneously occurring species would lower production costs and could make the sector accessible to family farmers, who produce much of the food in the country, even with limited land available, benefiting them with numerous socio-economic and environmental benefits from diversification. of production. However, little is known about local strains, requiring nutritional and bioactive metabolite assays. The city of Bonito stands out for its policy of protecting forest remnants and for the presence of a solidarity economy network in family agriculture in agroecological transition. The objective of this work was to verify the spontaneous occurrence and potential for use of food and medicinal mushrooms in areas easily accessible by family farmers from Bonito - Pernambuco. For this, a diagnosis was initially made about the perception and openness for the introduction of mushrooms in the productive chains of both family farmers in agroecological transition as well as traditional ones. Then, species were collected, identified and listed in forest fragments and other areas easily accessible by farmers. In the species found was made mycochemical prospecting and nutritional analysis. Twelve species were listed in total, of which eight are cited as edible and medicinal, two as medicinal only and two as edible only. These have been shown to have the metabolite groups typically associated with bioactivity. Three of the mushrooms had their protein, lipid, carbohydrate and ash content quantified, presenting common levels for mushrooms. This has expanded the little known about edible and medicinal mushrooms in the country and especially in the city of Bonito, and it is hoped that the work can be the germ for further studies and for creating new opportunities for income generation in Bonito. coexistence with the forests from these, not only for the city and the farmers where and with whom the work was done, but for all those who live with this underexplored forest resource.