Um estudo sobre a BNCC, no que tange ao processo de apropriação do sistema de escrita: concepção, objetivos de ensino e objetos de aprendizagem

Abstract

This work has a general objective to analyse which conception of literacy present in the National Common Curriculum Base (BNCC), trying to identify the teaching objectives and learning objects related to the appropiation of the writing system. To this end, the specific objetives are: a) to identify and categorize the diferent learnings related to the apropiation of the writings system; b) verify which teaching objectives are advocated by BNCC in relation to the appropriation of the writing system; c) analyze which conception of literacy teaching underlies these objects and objectives; d) consider whether this conception is in line with the most current studies in the area of literacy. The National Common Curriculum Base was approved by the National Education Council and ratified on December 20, 2017. It is a normative document that indicates learning and development objectives for all brazilian students and should guide the construction of school curricula -public and private- for early childhood education, elementary school and high school as well as teaching. Although already approved, the final text of BNCC raises several disputes among experts from the most varied areas of knowledge. Regarding the concentration of this study, literacy, could not be different. Our research intent is precisely to understand this document regarding the literacy process. For this, we carry out a documentary research and, as a methodological analysis, we use content analysis (BARDIN, 2011). Our theoretical framework is based on authors such as Apple (1999), Silva (2010), Morais (2012), Soares (2018), Galvão e Leal (2005). After analyzing the document, the results indicate that the conception of literacy approaches the conception of language as a code, specially when describing the objects of knowledge and skills indicates in the proposal that prioritize a more technical study of language. Although we have found excerpts from the document dealing with literacy, it seems to us to be the concept that one must first literate and only then literate. Studies referring to the current conception of literacy have been emerging since the 1980s. We are concened, therefore, to realize that such studies were scarcely considered by the aforementioned document. The analyses also allowed us to find several gaps and difficulties in understanding the texto f the BNCC. These refer basically to contente viewing; use of expressions/concepts used without clarification or even mistakenly; problems in the relationship objects of knowledge and skills. In this sense, the school as a whole needs to be aware for these gaps and develops joint strategies to define aspects left blank or contradictory in the document. We believe that the literacy teachers should extrapolate what is proposed in the BNCC. It is essential that they seek other sources of consultation and guidance so that they can do pedagogical work aimed at effectively literacy and literacy. We must resist the setbacks represented by the BNCC. This resistance will be possible through the curricular practices experienced in schools throughout Brazil.