Vômito crônico em gatos: revisão de literatura

Abstract

Gastrointestinal disorders constitute an important part of feline outpatient care. Vomiting is a routinely reported clinical manifestation, which culminates in several metabolic alterations that require correction. Emetic disturbance is defined as the active expulsion of stomach and / or duodenal content in a reflexive way, preceded by prodromal signs (nausea, sialorrhea, abdominal contractions) and this mechanism is coordinated by the central nervous system. Chronic vomiting is a very common clinical sign in cats and can be associated with a wide variety of gastrointestinal and systemic diseases, counting as primary causes in cats obstructive disorders; gastric foreign bodies; food intolerance or allergy; pancreatic, hepatic, and renal diseases; and hyperthyroidism. A detailed clinical approach should be made in search for possible differential diagnoses. The use of radiographic, ultrasound and endoscopic examinations may help the clinician to identify gastric and intestinal injuries. The treatment instituted may involve the use of antiemetic therapy, fluid therapy and dietary manipulation; however, therapeutic control of the underlying cause is critical to the resolution of chronic vomiting. Understanding the factors associated with this clinical sign, how it is coordinated, the main generating etiologies, the available diagnostic techniques and the implementation of appropriate therapy for feline patients are essential for the clinical professional. Thus, given the importance of chronic vomiting in the feline medical clinic, it was the aim of this course conclusion monograph to review the theme.