Produção de milho (Zea mays L.) em função de adubos orgânicos e minerais

Abstract

Maize cultivation is carried out with massive use of mineral fertilizers that have provided high yields, among which nitrogen is highlighted with the mineral element most required by the crop, but most nitrogen fertilizers can be lost from agricultural systems by air , acidifies the soil, and is easily leached and can cause contamination of the water table. Aiming for greater preservation of the agricultural environment, alternative sources of nitrogen should be used. In this way, the objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of the use of green manure, organic compost and mineral fertilizer on maize production. The experiment was conducted at Fazenda Experimenta at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco / Garanhuns Academic Unit (UFRPE / UAG). The evaluations were made in the field and later in the laboratory CENLAG (Laboratory Center for Research Support of the Academic Unit of Garanhuns / UAG). The design was randomized blocks, in a factorial scheme (3x4) +2], three legumes, four doses of organic compound, plus two additional controls one with mineral fertilization and the other without the use of organic or mineral fertilizers . The corn variety used was AG 1051 developed by AGROCERES. In July 2018, the sowing of crotalaria, macassar beans and dwarf pigeon peas was carried out on the plot. These were incorporated at the time of flowering. In the subplot, four doses of organic compound (0, 20, 40 and 60 t ha-1) were used. The application of the organic compound was carried out 10 days after the incorporation of the legumes and 30 days before the sowing of the corn. The variables analyzed were number of leaves, stem diameter, plant height and number of days for flowering, grain yield, dry mass (g per plant), mean number of ears per plant, grain yield, mean weight of the ears debris, diameter and length of spikes, number of spikes, mass of 100 grains. Crotalaria, guandu and macassar green manures can be used interchangeably for maize fertilization, the organic compound should be applied at a dose of 60 t ha -¹ and organic compound plus corollary, pigeon pea or macassar can be used to produce corn in substitution mineral fertilizer.