Determinantes de diferenciais salariais dos migrantes de retorno: evidências para o estado de Pernambuco

Abstract

As a consequence of economic inequalities, migration is one of the factors that contribute to the existence of wage differentials between workers who have similar characteristics.And in the last decades one of the movements that has been gaining a lot of attention is the one of the return migrations. Usually the economic literature highlights two reasons for this fact, the return can occur due to faults in the expectations as to the place of destination or as part of a career plan. In front of this panorama Pernambuco is one of the states of the Northeast that stands out more about this migratory movement of return. Thus, the present study proposed to analyze and identify the determinants ofwage differentials of returning migrants and compare them with the natural residents of the state of Pernambuco. To do so, the 2010 census provided by the IBGE was used as a database and mincerian wage equations with bias correction proposed by Heckman were estimated for both residents and returnees. In addition, the wage decomposition of Oaxaca-Blinder was made with the purpose of verifying the different incomes between the two groups. The results show that the majority of the returned migrants are male, brown, single, resident in the urban area and aged between 30-41 years, in addition, they are more schooled than the natural residents. Characteristics related to the work show that the returned is in the condition of occupation with a signed work permit and in autonomous activities, and are allocated in activities related to the industry. As for the empirical evidence, it is verified that the state returned wins more than the natural resident, especially if the latter is employed as an employer. Finally, it appears that most of the wage differences between the two groups are due to the "migration effect".