Restauração florestal de ambientes degradados do bioma Caatinga por meio de banco de sementes do solo

Abstract

This study analyzed the occurrence of restoration in two areas of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra TalhadaAcademic Unit(UFRPE/UAST) with seed Bank of the State Park Mata da Pimenteira(PEMP) by means of Nucleadoras techniques and evaluated its potential when subjected to Controlled conditions. The work is organized in two chapters. The first refers to a study developed in the field in two degraded areas of UFRPE/UAST and were evaluated the seed banks of burlap and soil and burlap of two environments of the French, in the years 2016/2017 and 2017/2018, respectively. In the first year, twenty samples of burlap were collected at a depth of 5 cm and area of 1m ², constituted ten in each area of natural environment (Serra Branca and Pimenteira) of the French and transplanted to ten parcels in two areas. In the second year, five samples of more burlap soil were collected in a 10 cm layer, distributed to ten experimental units in each degraded area. The design used in both experiments was in random blocks, in the 2 x 2 factorial model with two seed bank environments and two degraded areas with five repetitions each. They were obtained in the experiment of the burlap 49 individuals, distributed in 12 families and 25 species and, in the soil and burlap experiment, 144 individuals distributed in 37 species and 18 families, with nine species in common. There was predominance of herbaceous and greater floristic diversity in the material coming from the area of natural environment two, of the park. The second chapter consisted in the evaluation of the seed bank contained in four points of the PEMP, two in each area of natural environment (Serra Branca and Pimenteira), subjected to irrigation and conditioning in two different environments of luminosity (shading and Full sun), it was also carried out tests to distinguish the soils of the studied points, by means of tests of infiltration and determination of the density and porosity. It was verified 114 individuals distributed in 31 species and 21 botanical families, with an emergency prevalence in the portions of the material from the natural environment Zone two and under shading conditions. It was concluded that the more soiled burlap transposition presents greater viability in ecological restoration, with better results when associated with soil conservation management techniques; And under controlled conditions the seed bank of the point near the water course in the Pimenteirapresented better potential restorative, optimized by shading of 70%.