Situação dos recursos hídricos e da irrigação nos Municípios do Agreste Meridional de Pernambuco, a partir do censo agropecuário de 2017

Abstract

Currently Brazil has an irrigated area of 6.95 million hectares. The knowledge of the irrigated areas and their geographic distribution is of fundamental importance for the planning of the management of the water resources. The objective of this work was to analyze the situation of water resources and irrigated agriculture in the municipalities that make up the Meridonal Agreste of Pernambuco from the Agricultural Census of 2017. The methodology of the work was divided into four stages: i) characterization of irrigation and its evolution in Brazil and in the world; ii) socioeconomic survey and surface and groundwater resources of the municipalities of the Meridional Agreste; iii) survey of the water resources present in agricultural establishments and iv) the characterization of the irrigation used in the municipalities of the agreste region according to the irrigation method employed. The Meridional Agreste region is mainly cut by intermittent rivers and the groundwater potential for irrigation utilization is low, due to the high concentration of salts present in the water in much of the region. The municipalities of Brejão, Tupanatinga, Garanhuns, Saloá, Buíque, Canhotinho and Paranatama presented more than 50% of the groundwater sweet. The municipalities of Iati, Capoeiras, Venturosa, Águas Belas, Itaíba, Caetés, Pedra, Bom Conselho, Jurema, Lagoa do Ouro and Lajedo were the municipalities that presented more than 50% of the saline groundwater. Of the Meridional Agreste establishments, 86.8% do not have springs and 75.4% do not have rivers / streams. Of these resources, only 29.8% of the springs and 32.2% of the rivers / streams are protected by forests. 65.1% of the establishments declare to have cisterns, 26.0% declare to have a well and 22.2% declare that they do not have a cistern or a well. Irrigation is present in only 6.8% of Meridional Agreste establishments and the most used methods were localized Irrigation (34.3%), wetness (33.1%) and sprinkler (25.1%).