Avaliação de época de plantio para estabelecimento de Aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb.) durante a estação fria, Norte da Flórida-EUA

Abstract

In northern Florida, subtropical climate, forage is the main source of food for herds, using forages for the cool-season and warm-season. During the cool-season, higher animal performance occurs when compared to the warm season, because of the higher nutritive value of the forage. The objective of the work is to evaluate two varieties of black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb) in contrast with other cool-season forages typically used in the region, such as cereal rye (Secale cerealeL.), triticale (X Triticosecole Wittmack), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.), and oats (Avena sativa L.), in two planting seasons. The experiment was conducted at the North Florida Research and Education Center, located in the city of Marianna - Florida, USA. It was carried out in a randomized block design with subdivided plots and four replications. The treatments included two planting seasons (January and February plot) and seven varieties of temperate forage plants (sub-plot). Two varieties of black oats (Cosaque and SoilSaver) and five other forages typically used in the region (Horizon 201, Legend 567, Trical 342, FL401 and Earlyploid; n = 56) were evaluated. The experiment was repeated in two consecutive years, 2016 and 2017, in nearby experimental areas. The analyzed variables were herbage accumulation rate and survival rate. Rye (FL 401) and white oat (Legend 567) obtained superior results, producing an average of 1946.13 kg DM/ha of herbage accumulation and black oats (SoilSaver and Cosaque) obtained a mean of 1363,065 kg DM/ha in the months of January. In the February planting, the SoilSaver black oat variety obtained 1889.75 kg of DM/ha, followed by the grains Legend 567 and FL 401, with 1671.87 and 1614.37 kg DM / ha, respectively. For the survival rate, the black oat of Cosaque cultivar and the Azevém of Earlyploid cultivar reported a higher rate in the months of January (100 and 87.50%). In February, the two black oat cultivars, together with Tritical and Azevém, had a 100% survival rate. In general, Black Oat, SoilSaver cultivar, when planted in February, reported similar herbage accumulation and survival rate to commonly used grains in North Florida, USA.