Estudo de métodos para o dimensionamento do sistema de armazenamento de energia de um veículo elétrico tipo fórmula

Abstract

Faced with the need to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and increasingly reduce the fleet of gasoline vehicles, among other petroleum derivatives, in an attempt to mitigate the damage caused by pollution to the environment, the implementation of Electric Vehicles (EVs). They are a general concept of means of transport that takes advantage of the electric motor as the traction actuator, and one of the main types of EVs are those that use batteries as an energy storage system, also known as BEVs (Battery Electric Vehicles). BEVs are considered a solution that has the potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and reduce the use of oil in the transport sector, avoiding energy crises. EVs present a technological evolution of transforming electrical energy into movement, which consequently has increased interest in electric propulsion for automobiles in recent years. They are designed to be competitive in terms of cost-benefit with conventional vehicles in the coming years. Given its importance, this work addresses a significant context of growth in the battery electric vehicle fleet in Brazil, from its technological characteristics, challenges, potential problems and benefits, through its energy transmission system, and its operating dynamics. After the theoretical foundations and all bibliographical references researched, the main objective is to study the sizing of this storage system aimed at BEVs applied to a formula-type EV. As a result, this study developed a detailed methodology for sizing formula-type vehicle power, force and energy, based on an in-depth analysis of the electric vehicle routing problem, exploring its different variants and possible solution approaches. Next, proceed to sizing the battery pack using a series-parallel configuration used to supply the ordinary power. Finally, the battery selection was carried out through MCDA statistical analysis using the AHP-Gaussian and AHP-Gaussian with Pearson Correlation method, resulting in the choice of the SLPBA096235 cell as the discovered technology, which declared nominal values in agreement and compatible with the main specificities related to formula-type EVs for the scaled system.