Influência do uso de biofertilizante a base de esterco caprino (BioCapri) na dinâmica de crescimento e produção de palma forrageira no semiárido brasileiro

Abstract

Several problems are threatening food security in the world, which is even more worrying in climatically vulnerable locations, requiring the adoption of agricultural resilience practices to mitigate the effects of climate change on the production chain in semiarid regions. The forage cactus becomes a good alternative for the production of forage due to its high adaptation to adverse climatic conditions, in addition to having a low production cost, organic fertilization can provide an increase in the agronomic performance of the crop. Maintaining the supply of food for herds in times of drought. This work investigated the application of sustainable and low-cost techniques to the cultivation of forage cactus in the Brazilian semiarid region, aiming at an efficient management of resources, an increase in productivity and a better understanding of the growth dynamics. Two forage cactus clones were evaluated, Miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck) and Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.), Conducted in pots and subjected to five doses of liquid biofertilizer at based on goat manure (BioCapri), with 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mL plant-1 month-1 , and a dose of goat manure (180 cm3 plant-1 ). Monthly biometric assessments were carried out during the experimental period to assess the growth and development of the forage cactus, obtaining plant height and width, number of cladodes and length, width, perimeter and thickness of the cladodes. The productivity of the forage palm was obtained by means of a single biomass (dry mass, DM) event, being carried out at the end of each cycle. In order to establish a phenology of forage cactus, the beginning of a new phase was considered when a production tax of a specified order of cladodes was exceeded by the rate of production of cladodes of the subsequent order. Evaluate the efficiency of the use of radiation and water. It was found that the manure and the doses of applied liquid biofertilizer (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mL) did not affect most of the biometric variables analyzed, however, the clone factor differed due to the intrinsic characteristics of the clones, where the OEM clone excelled in variables such as CC, LC, PC, AC and IAF. Although the MIU clone has a lower radiation interception, a better capacity for converting to biomass was observed due to the superior MS content of this clone. The contribution of biofertilizer, as well as the use of goat manure, did not cause results obtained in the forage yield, however the clone differed due to its intrinsic characteristics. The development of future research with forage cactus and its natural resource efficiencies are essential to document, and describe the relationship of this crop with the environmental conditions and soil fertility.