Sequência didática sobre o estudo químico das drogas: uma abordagem contextualizada para o ensino de funções orgânicas

Abstract

This research sought to propose a didactic sequence to provide theoretical and practical support for educators in approaching the theme “Drugs” in the Chemistry classroom. The Chemistry discipline taught in schools continues, at times, to be organized through traditional pedagogical perspectives, focusing on the idea of transmission-reception and without considering the process of knowledge construction by the student. Furthermore, we have teaching focused only on conceptual aspects, definitions of law and memorization of isolated content. In this way, thinking about students as social beings and with the purpose of using contextualization as a necessary tool for the transposition between scientific knowledge and school knowledge, we present a proposal for a Didactic Sequence (SD) based on a generating theme of a social nature , drugs and prevention of their abusive use, associated with the introduction of organic functions. Faced with the growing use of illicit drugs by young people, schools must play a fundamental role in preventing and adequately addressing this issue. Many educators may be anxious about what to do in the classroom when the subject is drugs, resulting from a lack of preparation during their initial training, ignored in most undergraduate courses. In this sense, we opted for a descriptive approach methodology, with DS based, from an epistemological and pedagogical point of view, based on the Three Pedagogical Moments (3MP), which is characterized by the existence of three important stages, the Initial Problematization, the Organization of Knowledge, and the Application of Knowledge. As a starting point, we present an initial view of the theme “Drugs” and subsequently exemplify and address specific aspects of certain drugs and the organic functions present, based on the recognition of the functional group. The theme “Drugs” allowed for a broad exploration, enabling students to acquire knowledge about Chemistry and develop skills that help to form critical and reflective citizens.