A relação entre o Imperium e o Papado na perspectiva de Dante Alighieri

Abstract

This work seeks to compreend the relation between the Church and the State at the view of Dante Alighieri theory of State, mainly throught his book named De Monarchia. This autor embedded in a context of transition between the medieval period and the modern period. Given this context, it was seen that the objective of Dante was to legitimate the global domination of a universal monarchy which identifies itself to the Germanic Roman Empire, restricting the papal power at the meraly spiritual scope, and subjecting every prince, from all ethnicities and beliefs, to the Imperium. For him, both powers were conceived by God, and have different objectives, as the spiritual crave to eternal happiness and the temporal (the Emperor) crave to the terrenal happiness. All this happens in a intelectual context of agostinian bases, which defended the papal supremacy, identified with the potestas directa. Dante, however, uses Aristoteles and the tomistic philosophy, as others, to seek for new paths to legitimate the emperor independency in temporal questions, beeing close to what would be, in a period, the potestas directa. To obtain these results an analisys was made upon this theme, the autor and his time, as also a analisys of Dante Alighieri works which sketched his thourghts, being them mainly the De Monarchia, but also the Diviny Comedy, in his books Hell and Purgatory.