Análise de degradação ambiental na bacia do Rio Moxotó através de imagens de satélite

Abstract

The disorderly exploitation of natural resources. the inappropriate use of soil and irrational deforestation has been causing numerous environmental problems, which leads to environmental degradation, with that remote sensing has been gaining space through environmental monitoring in space and time with efficiency and at low cost, allowing planning and decision-making for sustainable use of natural resources. In view of this, the objective was to analyze, through a time series of LANDSAT satellite images, spaced at intervals of five years, the environmental degradation suffered in the Moxot6 River Basin. The climate analysis was based on a monthly series of twenty-one years of data (2000-2021), using the Quantile technique. The satellite images analyzed were from MapBiomas and processed in QGIS software. The change detection analysis was also carried out through the difference image, resulting from techniques based on the observation of the pixels and the change that occurred with them over time. With this, it was observed that the rainy season in the Moxoto River Basin lasts four months, from January to April, representing about 72% of the annual rainfall and presenting an average of total annual precipitation of 482.65mm. Through the analysis of land use and cover, it was possible to verify the growth of agriculture in the basin, through the classes of temporary crops, with a growth of 97.13% between the years 2005 and 2021, and the classes of perennial crops and areas of pasture, with growth between 2000 and 2021 of 97.64% and 5.35% respectively. The savanna vegetation is the most extensive in the basin, however the areas of forest formation are a minority in the basin, thus having a low presence of dense vegetation. Regarding the degradation of the Moxot6 River Basin, there was a decrease of 98.74% from the year 2000 to 2019, with the municipalities most affected by the degradation being Ibimirim-PE, Inaji-PE, Custodia-PE, Math Grande-AL, Piraconha- AL and Delmiro Gouveia-AL. The regeneration classes showed an increase of 32.63% from 2000 to 2019. Through the difference image analysis, it was also possible to verify permanence of recovered areas, however the transition from degraded to recovered areas was lower than expected. With that, remote sensing through LANDSAT satellite images, enabled the classification and analysis of land use classes, from the years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2021, as well as the analysis of degraded and recovered areas from the years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2019 satisfactorily so that it is possible to carry out adequate monitoring of the transformations undergone by the Moxoto River basin. With the studies, the need for environmental recovery projects in the basin was verified, in addition to constant monitoring to assist in public policies for this region.