Imperialismo estadunidense e dependência latino-americana: o ciclo de ditaduras empresariais-militares a partir das experiências brasileira e chilena

Abstract

The present work aims to investigate the correlation between United-Statesian imperialism, latin-american dependence and the Southern Cone’s entrepreneurial-military dictatorships cycle (1954-1990). Our hypothesis is that the dictatorships cycle on the subregion of the American continent has served to deepen dependence’s conditions of implicated latin-american countries, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay, and broaden imperialism’s and its greatest agent, the United States, scope of action. Thereto, we introduce the conceptual presuppositions of the dependence theory. Initially we present Latin America’s historical-estructural formation process and its establishment and consolidation as periphery of the world capitalist system. We analyze United-Statesian imperialism’s manifestation’s emergence and expansion throughout the American continent. We address, even, of international division of labour’s reconfiguration post-World War II, to ascertain dependent capitalism’s new character that it entails. Forwardly, we take as study cases two of the processes of instauration of entrepreneurial-military dictatorships of said cycle, that of Brazil, in 1964, and that of Chile, in 1973. We peer into United-Statesian imperialism’s decisive weight, through numerous factual sources, allied to the national bourgeoisies, in the fomentation and conduction of Brazilian and Chilean coups. Ultimately, we observe the political-economic effects that the Brazilian and Chilean states of exception brought about, such as denationalization of national capitals, massive penetration of foreign capitals and military-police repression. Such effects have served in favor of national dependent and central imperialist bourgeoisies’ interests, demonstratively beneficiaries of the whole process. We verify, thereby, taking by example Brazilian and Chilean experiences, that the entrepreneurial-military dictatorships cycle occurred in the Southern Cone had acquired a fascist content, in the persecution of barring popular movement’s growing strength and deepen latin-american historical dependence, at the same time enlarging United-Statesian imperialism’s margins of action over the continent.