Espacialização de áreas verdes públicas e sua relação socioeconômica em Recife - PE

Abstract

All-natural resources demonstrate a great positive influence on urban cities, bringing comfort, creating microclimates, maintaining the relative humidity of saturated air - RH, among others. In parallel, the disorderly growth of urban environments has caused many consequences to the environment over the years. Among these, real estate speculation in neighborhoods with greater urban planning and purchasing power can be spotlighted. Also, as a result of urban expansion, comes a considerable reduction in natural vegetation, directly reflecting on the urban landscape and the population's life quality and expectancy. To understand the influence of the presence of green areas on local real estate speculation, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the presence of public green areas and the value adopted for the Urban Property and Land Tax - UPLT in the Administrative Political Regions - APR of the city of Recife, to verify if the neighborhoods (inserted within the APR) where the highest taxes are paid are also the ones that provide the greatest afforestation. Methodologically, the interpolation method by inverse distance weighting - IDW was used, using the ESRI®Arcgis software as a calculator, as well as in the production of spatial distribution maps both of the city's green areas, as well as of the income values, UPLT and Mean Human Development Index - MHDI, thus verifying if the afforestation areas are distributed where the population has a higher income. With this, it can be seen that the green areas of Recife are concentrated in the center of the city. In addition, to determine if Recife's neighborhoods fall within the minimum value of green area per inhabitant established by the Brazilian Society of Urban Arborization - SBAU, the Total Green Area Index - TGAI, Total Square Area Index - TSAI, and Total Park Area Index – TPAI. Thus, it was found that only APR 1 presented an index of green areas above that suggested by the SBAU, while the other APR did not exceed 6 m²/inhabitant. However, even with total APR indexes being < 5, some neighborhoods in the city stood out, as was the case of Recife and Santo Antônio, referring to APR 1; Jaqueira and Santana, referring to APR 3. The APR 5 and 6 draw a lot of attention for presenting TGAI close to 1 m²/inhabitant, which leaves them far below the minimum suggested by the SBAU for the population to have a good quality of life. Thus, the city of Recife proved to have an average TGAI of 1.56 m²/inhabitant, which is below that recommended by the SBAU. It is, therefore, recommended greater investment in urban afforestation and forestry in a specialized and equitable way, identifying areas of insertion of new forests, and urban green spaces through interpolation, as used in this research, so that the population can enjoy more quality of life and more leisure areas effectively.