Política pública educacional e SAEB 2019: análises de agrupamento por microrregiões de Pernambuco

Abstract

Education is seen not only by common sense, but also by economic theory as one of the main factors driving development. In this context, the present work, which has an exploratory approach, aims to investigate socioeconomic issues that are capable of influencing the performance of students in the state of Pernambuco, in Brazil. For this, microdata from the Sistema de Avaliação da Educação Básica (Basic Education Assessment System, Saeb) of 2019 was used, totaling 76,596 students—after due data treatment—, also adding socioeconomic variables, with which cluster analyzes were performed by three multivariate methods (hierarchical method, K-means and PAM), in the statistical software R. The results of the tests of averages pointed out a heterogeneity in the student's performance among microregions of Pernambuco and, later, a susceptibility to overflow of policies between sets of nearby microregions was found. This work also focuses on the 2015-2025 State Education Plan, elucidating its content, goals and strategies, in order to contextualize the exploratory analysis.