Diferenciação salarial entre imigrantes e brasileiros no mercado de trabalho formal de São Paulo - 2015 e 2019

Abstract

Immigration is a frequent and ancient phenomenon in the history of civilizations. Motivated by different reasons, depending on the conditions in each region, it can be justified by economic, political, cultural and environmental issues. Highly related to the globalized reality of the modern world, it contributes to a cultural and economic exchange that is increasingly intrinsic to the present. In Brazil, the population of immigrants received is concentrated mainly in the state of São Paulo. This preference is directly linked to the professional and career opportunities available in this region, as well as to its historical context of allocation of foreign peoples. From this context, this study intends to analyze the wage differential between the immigrant and Brazilian population inserted on the formal labor market in the state of São Paulo between 2015 and 2019. For this, the work will use data from the unidentified RAIS, which has information on individual characteristics and professional qualification of workers inserted in the formal market across the country. In addition, a second harmonized base was used, with additional information taken from RAIS, CAGED and CTPS. An extra data source was chosen because it contains additional information about the immigrant population, such as the continent of origin or individual migratory status. The methodology has a descriptive analysis, which observe individual characteristics and those related to human capital between the two groups, and the Blinder-Oaxaca (1973) decomposition. The results suggest that, in both cases, the groups are young and mostly male. As for race, the average percentage of whites is higher among the Brazilian population when compared to foreigners. In addition, the migrant group appears to be more qualified and have the highest income records and fewer weekly hours worked. As for the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition, immigrants have different indicators than expected according to the theoretical foundation. In the two years observed, 2015 and 2019, the immigrant group showed a positive wage differential compared to the Brazilian population.