Análise da eficiência dos serviços educacionais nos municípios do estado de Pernambuco

Abstract

Education is a natural process of the action of individuals in search of the creation and accumulation of knowledge that enables the development of the whole society. For individuals to increase human capital, private and public investment is needed. However, it is necessary to assess the result obtained with this investment. Thus, the objective of this work is to verify the current efficiency in the provision of educational services within the state of Pernambuco. In addition, verify which are the main variables considered that affect educational performance. For this, the methodology was based on two complementary techniques: Data Envelopment Analysis, to examine the relationship between the educational performance of elementary school students in relation to the resources used and the TOBIT model to verify the variables that influence the efficiency of public spending of elementary education in the municipalities of Pernambuco. Initial results indicate that efficiency is not related to increased spending per student. A higher level of average monthly income of those responsible for permanent private households does not have a positive correlation with education. According to the analysis of the variables of the Tobit regression model, the IDHM showed that it has an inverse correlation with efficiency, the lower the IDHM, the greater the efficiency scale of a DMU in which municipalities in poor regions have high efficiency scores. Population density had a positive correlation with efficiency. The results demonstrate that the transfer of FUNDEB resources to the municipalities in the state of Pernambuco requires other socioeconomic variables to explain the impact on efficiency. The fact that the methodology does not take into account the different technologies used in each Municipality stands out as limitations. Likewise, the research only uses a small number of variables within the diversity of factors that interfere in education.