Os efeitos econômicos da indústria mineradora: o caso da fábrica de cimento de Carnaíba-PE

Abstract

The mineral extraction industry has grown a lot in the last ten years, generating a great multiplier effect on the world economy. The Northeast region of Brazil has mining activities that have caused great social and environmental effects, causing some conflicts due to the lack of adequate intervention strategies of those involved. Geological surveys focused on mining in the Pajeú region found high quality limestone on the local surface, in addition to the lack of cement in the market in previous decades and the development of the real estate and construction market that was latent throughout the country, These factors encouraged mineral exploration and the creation of the Pajeú cement factory in 2006, and its inauguration in 2013, in the municipality of Carnaíba. Given this context, the present work aimed to analyze the possible economic effects caused by Mineradora Pajeú, in the city of Carnaíba, Pernambuco. Building a mining company close to urban areas can promote economic growth, as the raw material brings, directly or indirectly, great job offers to the population. Thus, analyzing mineral exploration becomes a socially justifiable issue when it comes to academic research, especially because in the study of economics there is a relationship between mining and local development, and why addressing these data can confirm or deconstruct the image implanted in the city that the presence of the mining company is beneficial. The methodology used was the bibliographic and documentary research, starting from a qualitative approach. Results achieved especially through the National Department of Mineral Production, the Brazilian Mining Institute, IBGE and the Ministry of Mines and Energy indicated that the positive externalities of Cimento Pajeú in Carnaíba can only relate to the 0.31 job offer. % of the local population, and the compensatory financial benefit from mineral exploitation of 0.41% of all municipal revenue. In addition, there are negative externalities, because with the implementation of the factory began the expropriation of families and there are reports of non-compliance with the operating rules, which require that explosions occur safely to society and pollution is a complaint. constant. It was concluded that the establishment of the company in the city caused conflicts with residents, social problems such as expropriation, environmental problems associated with pollution and improper exploitation, without respecting the limits of contact with the local population, and, In addition, it does not offer jobs high enough to be considered impacting on society, as it is one of the last cement companies in the country in size and production, and the passed CFEM represents a low value in the municipal budget.