Parasitoses em abelhas africanizadas no estado de Pernambuco

Abstract

The aim of this study was verifying the prevalence,infestation taxa and period of occurrence of parasitoses in Apis mellifera L. 1758 at tree municipalities of Pernambuco, Northeastern, Brazil. The samples were carried out in apiaries of Garanhuns, Manarí and Serra Talhada, from April / 2018 to February / 2019. In Manarí, 20 samples were collected (10 in wooden boxes and 10 in cement boxes, to analyze quantitative interference and occurrence according to the hive material) and 10 boxes were migratory, totaling 50 samples per collect. The bees were conditioned in 150 ml plastic bottles with 50 ml of 96 ° GL alcohol and analyzed at UFRPE / UAST Microscopy II laboratory. After 48 hours the mites were counted and the analysis of the occurrence of Nosema spp. spores. According our results, we identified the presence of the parasites in 100% of all the apiaries visited. The highest occurrence was on winter where we found 1,716 mites, representing 51.84% of the total.. Regarding the presence of Nosema spp. all the apiaries had an occurrence of the parasite, however, the highest occurrence in the apiaries was in the rainfall period, with the Garanhuns, Manari (wood and migratory) colonies being the most infested. In relation to the meteorological factors, in the municipality of Serra Talhada the Varroa destructor mite shows that it undergoes the influence of the three factors analyzed Humidity (%), Temperature (°C) and Precipitation (mm), whereas Nosema spp. is influenced by humidity and precipitation. In the municipality of Manari, Nosema spp. has a greater influence of moisture and precipitation in the fall period, whereas the Varroa destructor when precipitation occurs in autumn. In Garanhuns, the period of greatest precipitation and high humidity in the region occurred in autumn, the period of highest incidence of Nosema spp., While mites, although occurring throughout the collection period, during the period when the highest temperatures occurred in the region were when they occurred higher rates of Varroa destructor. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the infestation rate, which factors would be associated with the prevalence in the regions, orientation to beekeepers as to how to identify and notify the government that there is a survey of the bee health situation in the municipality and in the state, thinking about the preservation of bee species and biodiversity.