Avaliação de extratos de mamona Ricinus communis e do coité Crescentia cujete L. no controle de Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) em feijão caupi

Abstract

Controlling agricultural pests is a practice that has been undergoing innovations constantly. The use of plant extracts appears as an alternative of pest control and is recommended mainly in family agriculture, and in fields of production mainly in organic agriculture, being a low cost product, easy to obtain and high effectiveness in pest control. The extracts of the plants of MamoneiraRicinuscommunisand CoitéCrescentiacujeteL. are promising in the natural control of pests, as they have toxic substances such as ricin, phenolic compounds and flavonoids, respectively. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the extracts of these plants on the black aphid mortality of the common bean Aphis craccivora(Hemiptera: Aphididae). Mamona and Coité extracts caused a high mortality on black bean aphid with rates of 74.69% and 70.23%, respectively. Comparing the black aphid mortality in the different extracts per day after the application of the extracts, it was verified that the Mamona extract had a higher mortality rate (84.86%) on the first day of evaluation and the second day had a coefficient of 81.3%. However, there was no difference between the plant extracts during the five days of evaluation and they differed from the control throughout the evaluation period, which reinforces the efficiency of the use of these extracts in the control of this pest, as well as the necessity of use of control methods. It is concluded that the plant extracts of Mamona and Coité are efficient in controlling the mortality of black aphid A. craccivoraand contribute to the management of this pest in family agriculture, organic and agroecologicalcrops.