Alterações e Reclassificação de Solos do Sertão Pernambucano

Abstract

Soils are the result of the action of factors and processes that operate at different intensities and cause various changes in their characteristics, so a systematic study of these changes is important to understand soil genesis. Soil surveys are an inventory of their characteristics, as well as their geographic distribution within the area and their taxonomic classification. In the Sertão of Pernambuco, the basic studies of soils, carried out by the Ministry of Agriculture(MA), began in 1957. This survey aimed at identifying and studying the soils existing in the State, however new nomenclatures for Brazilian soils were adopted and published by Embrapa through the edition of the Brazilian Soil Classification System (SiBCS), the last version of which was published in 2018, so the objective of this research was to identify alterations and to reclassify soils located in the backlands of Pernambuco described in the Exploratory Survey -State Soil Reconnaissance of Pernambuco, using the updated Brazilian Soil Classification System. Three profiles described in the above survey were selected for analysis. A comparison of the information described in the survey with those obtained in the field was carried out, as well as an evaluation of the relationship between the physical and chemical characteristics of the soils surveyed with the source materials of these soils (rocks) collected in the field together with the samples of ground. For the physical (granulometry) and chemical analysis of the soils, the Embrapa methodologies were adopted and in parallel the minimololites were made with the soils studied. It was verified that the small changes are due to the variation of the original material, to the handling, the relief and the location of the final profiles not to be exactly the same as the initial profiles. In spite of the variation, the three final soils met the prerequisites to remain in the same Order of the initial soils, classified as NEOSSOLO QUARTZARENICO, LUVISSOLO and LATOSOLO.