Área de preservação permanente nos cursos de água da Bacia do Rio São Pedro - PB

Abstract

Since the beginning of human existence, this has been interfering with the stability and healthy development of nature. The vital need of fresh water for humanity, propels it to allocate itself in areas near the mirrors of water. However, today we understand that the constant presence of human actions and the removal of existing vegetation in these places, causes impacts to the sources and courses of water, which can result in the loss of these, to the environment. Considering the preservation and conservation of these environments, it is extremely important to investigate the areas considered as permanent preservation, which are protected according to the Brazilian Forest Code. The São Pedro River is the object of study of this work, it is located in rural area of the state of Paraíba. The objective is to investigate whether or not the legislation on Ciliary Forest, in this sub-basin, is considered as requiring 30 m of vegetation bordering its edges and radius of 50 m of vegetation in its springs. Geotechnology tools such as satellite images, SRTM images, Shapefiles and Spring software were used for these results, which allowed the observation and classification of these areas. The characterization of the occupation of the terrestrial surface and the antropism in the place were used. It was concluded that in the APPs of springs 50% and 28.33% are of sparse vegetation and soil exposed respectively, as well as, about 34.73% of sparse vegetation and 19.97% of soil exposed in the margins APPs. In the springs, 100% of the APPs have human interference, and approximately 85.92% in the river banks, which can generate serious future problems for the environment and even humans. Thus, it is observed the need for field studies in the most modified areas, as well as actions aimed at sensitizing the population on the importance of permanent preservation areas in rural areas.